In the framework of the reflection about the permeability of boundaries in a globalised world the current study draws attention to the new ways of constructing nationality and internationality nowadays. The former refers to migration and inner diversity in the Spanish-speaking countries, whereas the latter requires a revaluation of both factors, which will ensure welfare not through an extreme militarization but through a legal defense of human rights and through the political awareness and acceptance of mixtures and cultural differences. In this respect, dialogue between the United States, Europe and Latin America becomes essential since these are the authorities which are involved in the laying of foundations of an international character in the Western World. Neither the demand of market nor the reality of the mass media allow to question the validity of the afore-mentioned international nature. It is essential then to understand the deep implications of the development of a transatlantic culture as it is also necessary that this give strong support to law, education and youth as the main possible change agents.

Keywords: Internationality, transatlantic dialogue, migration, human rights, politics, culture. 

This article describes what its author understands to be the decolonial epistemological theory. Firstly, Mignolo accomplishes an initial criticism of the subsumption of History by an European eurocentric historicism, secondly he revives Quijano's concept of the decolonial matrix of power, or coloniality, as a fundamental category for the decolonial theory. Mignolo compares one side of decolonial thinking (undisciplined in the sense of Foucault) to the disciplines that follow the modernity/posmodernity theory with the goal of vindicating the usefulness of the decolonial option in order to reveal the darker side of a critical apparatus which controls knowledge, assigns values and atributions for building the similarities and differences from other options and critical projects such as neomarxism and the Philosophy of LIberation. Finally, he analizes the perpetuity of the struggle for domination over the colonial matrix of power in the current New Global Order, to which the decolonial project new perspectives.

Keywords: Decolonial, Coloniality, Modernity, Epistemology.

We have attempted to show how, from the beginning of the 20th century, the development of Spanish poetry, which culminates in the Generación del 27, is closely related to Spanish American intellectual life. Alfonso Reyes, for example, begins his studies of Góngora in Mexico around the 1910s when in Spain interest in the work of this poet has hardly been aroused. On the other hand, at the beginning of  avant-garde tendencies, Spanish American writers such as Vicente Huidobro or Jorge Luis Borges are decisive in the conformation of these movements in Spain. Later, at the end of the twenties and the beginning of the thirties, writers like Pablo Neruda contribute to the conformation of a “Spanish surrealism”, which has  considerable importance for some members of the Generación del 27 such as  García Lorca, Vicente Aleixandre or Miguel Hernández. They also contribute to the controversy which arises over pure art.
 

Keywords: Generación 27, Vicente Huidobro, Borges, Spanish Civil War, spanish surrealism. 

The influence of Bécquer in Latin America has been well-known during last thirty years of the 19th century, as much in poets as in narrators. Within Peru, the authors whose works can show footprints of Bécquer are Ricardo Palma and Manuel González Prada, who were considered the best poets of their generation. In Gonzalez Prada's conference in "El Ateneo de Lima" in 1886, he emphasizes the genius of the Sevillian as opposed to the mediocrity of the Peruvian authors who have imitated him. In addition, the influence of Bécquer in González Prada arises in many of his verses and stylistic procedures. Prada, the great "maker of verses", introduced new kinds of verses not seen in Hispanic Poetry. He knew of to assimilate the peculiar style of the Sevillian, and to reflect it in many of its subjects and topics. The German inheritance that influenced Bécquer's verses was the necessity and survival of poetry, the platonism that favors the soul against the body, the fundamental questions over existence.

Keywords: Bécquer, Peruvian Literature, González Prada, Hispanic Poetry.

Educated in the learned tradition of the Dominican Republic and lover of British Hellenism, Pedro Henríquez Ureña was reponsible for the elaboration of the modern concept of Hispano-American culture. He was always committed to familiar and national memory, as well as to great continuities established by his intellectual parents, who founded a utopia of constant search in the legacy of submerged currents. Three points of view are superimposed in his work: the national Dominican tradition, exile as a condition of the modern intellectual and the close identification between culture and order that sustains his work. Mixed with these three concepts are matters of race, nation and citizenship, matters that were a part of the Carribean cultural controversies and of the contradictions of this Dominican intellectual.

Keywords: Pedro Henríquez Ureña, Hispano-American literature, Dominican Republic, Caribbean culture, national foundation. 

This article analyzes Luis Rafael Sánchez's chronicles, published in three volumes throughout the last decade. In this analysis, the author points out the way in which Luis Rafael Sánchez's texts carry out a reflection about the transformations of the figure of the author under new conditions developed in the Posmodern period. In these chronicles, the writer's identity is described as a transnational subject who is aware of the postmodern media ecology in which his existence is developed, and for this reason, Luis Rafael Sánchez seems to González the perfect transcription of the postmodern writer. Sánchez's chronicles are considered here as a project to transcribe the postmodern condition of subjectivity and society in contemporary Puerto Rico.

Keywords: Luis Rafael Sánchez, Chronicle, Postmodernity, Puerto Rican literature.

In this article, López-Baralt analizes the literary production written in aljamiado in 17th century, revealing the way in which these texts upset the values and parameters commonly represented in the literary description of Spain in Christian texts. The author points out how different themes, such as Spanish identity, Christian Reconquista, denunciation of Christian violence, death and the vision of Paradise, reveal this inversion held by a literature that had to exile or to hide for ages in order to survive.

Keywords: Aljamiado, 16th century literature, Islam, Al Andalus.

From the context of the call to realism that has characterized contemporary Hispanoamerican literature, the Argentinean writer Wáshington Cucurto has undertaken a project called "rash realism" in which the limits between prose and poetry have been disrupted. Novelist and poet, Cucurto is also responsible for one of the most peculiar editorial projects of today: "Eloisa Cartonera". Halfway between the objectivist colloquialism and the vulgar language, the works of Cucurto link with the "bad" writing of the River Plate that goes from Arlt to Macedonio and more recently, to Alberto Laiseca. His style can be described as a re-writing of numerous voices, elaborated with irony and a grotesque movement, a mixture of incongrous materials, of sentimentalism and obscenity of a subject wishing to search: "to write as if you danced a cumbia".

Keywords: Wáshington Cucurto, Argentinean literature, rash realism, Eloísa Cartonera.

Cultural agency has been an invitation to think about the possible contributions of art to the construction of the future of society for artists like Pedro reyes or Augusto Boal. In this sense, it is necessary to link the intrinsic value of art to the added value of humanistic interpretation, which are becoming less and less important to those who finance and design politics. Creative interventions, like the actions of the Mayor Antanas Mockus against violence and disorder in Bogotá, challenge the democratic development of civility and prove thar art, with its defamiliarization, can refresh and be synchronized with politics. In the same time, the contribution of humanists to civic development could range from the possibility to emphasize particular creative practices to the contribution of a theoretical perspective to such practices.

Keywords: cultural agency, humanities, cultural studies, Latin-american art.

The encounter of the Cuban etnograph Fernando Ortiz and the Polish anthropologist Bronislaw Malinowski in Habana in 1939 has an important meaning for the postcolonial Anthropology. Ortiz, who was "lombrosian" in his beginnings, became a scientist and militant antiracist. He also opted from the beginning for a model of Cuba apart from that of the Pan-hispanism and the American annexation. For his part, Malinowski discovered the Hispanic World during his two long stays in the Canary Islands. When they met, there was a good feeling between them. Ortiz granted him his best discovery, the transculturation theory, with he took on at one. With some sense of humor, the chief of the Funcionalist movement wanted to attract Ortiz to his group. Meanwhile a third person appeared on the scene: the American anthropologist Melvin J. Herskovits, who had popularized and extended the term acculturation. This crucial moment for the history of the Anthropology should be interpreted with irony. It could be the base for debate in the post colonial Latin americna studies.

Keywords: Fernando Ortiz, Bronislaw Malinowski, transculturation, aculturation, Anthropology.